STIs - How much do you know?

In addition to HIV/AIDS, there are a number of other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) that remain a serious problem in South Africa.

Some sexually transmitted diseases cannot be cured, although such conditions can usually be effectively managed. Key to managing or treating any STI is early diagnosis. The earlier treatment begins, the better the prognosis. In addition, it is vitally important to practice safe sex or abstain from sex in order to avoid passing the infection to others.

Types of STIs

Human papillomavirus (HPV) or genital warts
Infection with this type of virus cannot be cured, although the symptoms of certain strains can be medically managed. Some strains of HPV are associated with a higher risk of cervical cancer.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV), "herpes"
This virus is closely related to the virus responsible for causing cold sores. Genital herpes is incurable, leading to recurring blisters and itching of the genitals or anus. It can be spread through oral, vaginal and anal sex.

Hepatitis B
This incurable condition is spread through bodily fluids and is most prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa and East Asia. This viral infection can lead to liver cancer or liver failure.

Gonorrhoea
This STI can be passed from mother to child during childbirth. Symptoms include discharge from the penis or vagina, pain during sex and sore throat (when contracted through oral sex). In men, gonorrhoea infection is associated with heightened risk of prostate cancer.

Syphilis
This bacterial infection usually presents as a non-painful, non-itchy sore on the genitals. The disease often lies dormant for years before onset of the final stage, which can manifest as sites of tumour-like inflammation, seizure or dementia, and inflammation of the body's main artery, the aorta.

Pubic lice ("Crabs")
Humans are the only host for this parasite, which feeds on blood and causes itching. While they are primarily found in pubic hair, the lice can survive on coarse hair on other areas of the body, including eyelashes.